Classification of Contemporary Intellectual Schools: From Atheism to Humanism

Intellectual schools that deviate from the sound path of faith are numerous, varying in their premises between explicit denial, systematic doubt, or even existential indifference. Below is an overview of the most prominent of these currents as presented in the book Basa'ir by Dr. Haitham Talaat:

• The Atheist: One who denies the existence of the unseen realities brought by religions, in their entirety and in detail.

• The Deist: One who acknowledges the existence of a Creator for this universe, yet disbelieves in religions and divine revelations.

• The Agnostic: One who stands in a state of uncertainty, neither affirming the existence of the Creator nor being able to deny His existence.

• The Apatheist: One who is indifferent to the religious question altogether and is unconcerned with investigating the matter of the Creator's existence.

• The Humanist: One who places man at the center of existence and concerns himself solely with material affairs, apart from any religious consideration.